Eczema

Eczema is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, oozing, redness, itching, and dryness of the skin. It can affect people of all ages but is most common in children.

Key Features of Eczema:

Appearance: Red, inflamed skin that may become dry, cracked, and scaly. In some cases, blisters may develop and leak fluid. In chronic cases skin looks thickened and cracks may be seen.
Itching: Intense itching is a hallmark of eczema, which can lead to scratching and worsening of the condition as itching worsens the skin barrier dysfunction.
Common Areas:Typically atopic eczema affects the hands, feet, face, behind the knees, and inside the elbows. In infants, it often appears on the cheeks and scalp.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Genetics: Family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever increases risk.
Immune System Dysfunction: Overactive immune response can contribute to inflammation and skin irritation.
Environmental Factors: Irritants such as harsh soaps, detergents, and allergens like pollen or pet dander can trigger or worsen symptoms.
Skin Barrier Dysfunction: Reduced ability of the skin to retain moisture and protect against irritants and allergens.
Stress: Stress can exacerbate symptoms or trigger flare-ups.Lack of sleep causes more stress leading to worsening of eczema.

Types of Eczema:

Atopic Dermatitis: The most common type, often associated with a family history of allergic conditions.
Contact Dermatitis: Caused by contact with allergens or irritants, leading to localized inflammation.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: It is characterized by small, itchy blisters on the hands and feet, associated with excessive sweating.
Nummular Eczema: Presents as coin-shaped patches of irritated skin, often on the legs, arms, or torso.
Stasis Dermatitis: Occurs in people with poor circulation, usually on the lower legs.

Treatment Options:

Topical Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and relieve itching. Available in various strengths, from mild to potent.
Moisturizers: Regular application of emollients or moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus, which reduce inflammation without steroids.
Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines can help manage itching, especially if it disrupts sleep.
Avoid Triggers: Identifying and avoiding known irritants and allergens, such as certain fabrics, soaps, or foods.
Wet Wrap Therapy: Applying moisturizers and then covering the affected area with wet bandages can help improve skin hydration and reduce inflammation.

Lifestyle and Home Care:

Gentle Skin Care: Use mild, fragrance-free soaps and avoid hot water during baths or showers.
Avoid Scratching: Keep nails short and consider using anti-itch creams or cooling agents to manage itching.
Manage Stress: Stress management techniques can help prevent flare-ups.

Eczema is a manageable condition with appropriate treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Consult our expert dermatologists at Subodha skin and cosmetic clinic, a best dermatology clinic in Bangalore, for developing an effective treatment plan tailored to individual needs.